Watermain failures are a distressing problem for many municipalities. In some municipalities the cost of water main failures reaches astronomical proportions. It is not unusual for municipalities in densely populated urban areas to experience a failure frequency of one per year per mile of pipe, with the average cost of leak repair being in the $1500 to $2000 area, not to mention the disruption to traffic, the lack of water for fire-fighting and clean-up.

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